![]() Ī thin plastic sphere (12-feet in diameter) intended to study atmosphere density. Third stage provided insufficient thrust to reach the Moon, leaving it sub-orbital. Second stage under-performed, lacking only ~76 m/s (~250 fps) required to achieve orbit. ![]() On-board instruments damaged on first stage separation. First stage engine failure caused explosion at T+77 seconds. Įxpanded data set of previous Explorer missions and collected data from Argus high-altitude nuclear explosions. Premature second stage cutoff prevented third stage operation. Nominal flight until a guidance error was encountered on second stage burnout. The first production model of the series. Ĭontained 12 instruments for a wide range of upper atmosphere tests. Second stage shutdown sequence not completed, preventing proper 3rd stage separation and firing. ![]() Also the first use of solar cells to power a satellite. Expected to de-orbit in ~2240AD, this and its upper launch stage are the oldest human-made objects in space. Ĭontrol failure caused vehicle breakup at T+57 seconds as vehicle exceeded an angle of attack of 45° due to a control system malfunction. The first stage engine was improperly started, causing the vehicle to fall back to the launch pad immediately after launch and explode. The first satellite to carry a living animal, a dog named Laika. ![]() The first human-made object to orbit Earth. ( April 2015)ġ950s Artificial satellites and space probes in the 1950s Caltech in Pasadena, California, manages JPL for NASA.This list is incomplete you can help by adding missing items. Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Denver, built the spacecraft. Juno is part of NASA's New Frontiers Program, which is managed at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, for NASA's Science Mission Directorate. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the Juno mission for the principal investigator, Scott Bolton, of Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio. For more about this finding and other science results, see. More information about NASA citizen science can be found at and. JunoCam's raw images are available for the public to peruse and process into image products at. ![]() The resolution of the image is 0.6 miles (1 kilometer) per pixel. The vertical area covered in the image is 155 miles (250 kilometers) tall. The oblong pit near the terminator might be a degraded impact crater. Due to the enhanced contrast between light and shadow seen along the terminator (the nightside boundary, at 10 degrees west longitude), rugged terrain features are easily seen, including tall shadow-casting blocks, while bright and dark ridges and troughs curve across the surface. This segment of the first image of Europa taken during this flyby by the spacecraft's JunoCam (a public-engagement camera) zooms in on a swath of Europa's surface north of the equator. Scientists think a salty ocean lies below a miles-thick ice shell. 3, 2000, when NASA's Galileo came within 218 miles (351 kilometers) of the surface.Įuropa is the sixth-largest moon in the solar system, slightly smaller than Earth's moon. Juno's flyby is only the third close pass of the moon in history and the closest look any spacecraft has provided of Europa since Jan. At closest approach, the spacecraft came within a distance of about 219 miles (352 kilometers). This look at the complex, ice-covered surface of Jupiter's moon Europa came from NASA's Juno mission during a close pass on Sept. ![]()
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